Pre Diabetic State

is a condition when your blood sugar level is higher than it should be but not high enough for your doctor to diagnose diabetes. It’s also called impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance.
Treatment for pre diabetes can prevent serious health problems, including type 2 diabetes and subsequent problems with your heart, blood vessels, eyes, and kidneys.

Symptoms

 Polydipsia – You’re more thirsty than usual
 Polyuria – Increased frequency of urine
 You’re a lot more tired than usual

Causes and Risk Factors

 Age – especially over age 45
 Waist larger than 40 inches for a man and 35 inches for a woman
 Eating a lot of red and processed meat
 Drinking lots of sugary beverages
 Not eating much fruit, veggies, nuts or whole grains
 Being overweight, especially if you have extra pounds around your waist
 High cholesterol, high triglycerides, low HDL cholesterol and high LDL cholesterol
 Sedentary lifestyle – no exercises
 Gestational diabetes
 Polycystic ovary syndrome
 Sleep apnoea or work changing shifts or night shifts

Tests and Diagnosis for Pre-Diabetes

Fasting plasma glucose test

 Normal if your blood sugar is less than 100 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL)
 Prediabetes if your blood sugar is 100 to 125 mg/dL
 Diabetes if your blood sugar is 126 mg/dL or higher

Oral glucose tolerance test

First, you’ll have a fasting plasma glucose test. In the second test, if your blood sugar is less than 140 mg/dL, it’s normal. It’s Prediabetes if your blood sugar is 140 to 199 mg/dL after the second test and Diabetes if your blood sugar is 200 mg/dL or higher after the second test

Hb A1c test

This blood test shows your average blood sugar levels for the past 2 to 3 months.
 Normal if it’s 5.6% or less
 Prediabetes if it’s 5.7 to 6.4%
 Diabetes if it’s 6.5% or above

Complications

Without treatment, prediabetes can become type 2 diabetes and subsequent problems
 Kidney disease
 Blindness
 High blood pressure
 Nerve problems (peripheral neuropathy)
 Loss of a limb (amputation)

Treatment to Reverse Prediabetes

 Eat a healthy diet and lose weight
 Exercise – like brisk walk 30 minutes a day, 5 days a week
 Stop smoking
 Get your blood pressure and cholesterol under control